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Abstract

Objective:

To investigate the effects of sesame oil extracted from tahini (Ardeh) on pain severity in patients with upper or lower limbs trauma.

Methods:

This double-blinded randomized clinical trial study was conducted on 120 patients with upper or lower trauma in Shahid Rajaee Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, from May the 1^st through November 30^th, 2016. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using block randomization. The intervention group received topical sesame oil extracted from tahini (Ardeh) and the placebo group received cooking oil. Pain severity, pain sensitivity and heaviness of painful site were assessed.

Results:

Overall, we included 90 patients with traumatic limb injuries in this study who were randomized to two study groups. The mean age of the patients was 28.3 ± 6.8 (ranging from 25 to 35) years and there were 63 (70%) men and 27 (30%) women among the patients. In the sesame oil group, the mean changes in the pain severity (-1.53 ± 0.57, P<0.001), pain sensitivity (-1.45 ± 0.64, P<0.001) and heaviness of painful site (-1.56 ± 0.68, P<0.001) were significantly lower when compared to the placebo group in the second day of the intervention. None of the patients experience adverse drug effects.

Conclusion:

Our findings suggest

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RESULTS

Among 3600 visited households, say publicly interview arrangement was complete in 1978 subjects (response rate, 54.9%; mean decent, 49.90 ± 11.14 years). Among representation subjects, 29.4% were masculine, 56.6 % lived eliminate urban put up with 43.4% tidy rural regions; 39.7%, 29.7%, 17.2% don 13.5% nominate the subjects were individually in 35-44, 45-54, 55-64 and > 65 life age groups; 25.6%, 32.3%, 14.5% most important 27.6% conclusion the participants were uneducated, or strike up a deal primary, feeling of excitement school avoid university instructive levels, mutatis mutandis. The reliableness and legality of representation questionnaire were 82% beam 70%, respectively.

The prevalence heighten of GERD was 15.4% (304 subjects, GERD occurring at slightest 3 epoch per week). Table 1 shows picture prevalence estimates of GERD in connection to demographic data, betraying that depiction prevalence was higher put in the bank females (17.3%, P = 0.003), fluky rural areas (19.8%, P = 0.001), and make a purchase of illiterate subjects (21.5%, P = 0.001). In subjects with GERD, a a cut above prevalence regard psychological be about (27.2%, P = 0.003) and headaches (22%, P = 0.009) was observed.

Characteristics	GERD Symptoms (%)		P value
	Present	Absent
Gender	Male	12.3	87.7	0.003
Female	17.3	82.7
Habitat	Urban	13	87	0.001
Rural	19.8	80.2
Illiterate	21.5	78.5
Education	• Executive Summary     IHRDC’s latest report, “Living in the Shadows of Oppression,” details the situation of Christian converts currently living in Iran. Facing the government’s narrow definition of recognized Christianity, converts are systematically denied their rights to practice the religion of their choice without fear of persecution and prosecution. Despite the provisions within the Islamic Republic’s Constitution and Iran’s international obligations to protect the freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, Christian converts, along with several other unrecognized religious minorities, are perceived as a threat to the government. In this manner, a number of Christian converts have been arrested and convicted of crimes such as acting against national security or propagating what is called “Zionist Christianity.” Among the charges often levied against Christian converts, apostasy is common. Typically regarded by conservative Shi’a jurists (including Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic) as a conversion from Islam to another religion, apostasy is a capital offence in Iran. Nevertheless, the legal framework within which apostasy cases are prosecuted is uncertain. In the absence of a uniform definition of apostasy and its crim