Harry manga nkumbula biography definition
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1962 Northern Rhodesian general election
General elections were held in Northern Rhodesia on 30 October 1962, with by-elections for several seats held on 10 December. Although the United Federal Party won the most seats in the Legislative Council, and Northern Rhodesian African National Congress leader Harry Nkumbula had made a secret electoral pact with the UFP, Nkumbula decided to form a government with the United National Independence Party.
Electoral system
[edit]The elections were carried out under the "15-15-15" system, with 15 seats elected by an upper roll, 15 seats by a lower roll and 15 seats by the national roll; the national roll seats consisted of four 'reserved' two-seat constituencies returning an African and a European member; three two-member 'open' constituencies that would return two members of any race, and one nationwide constituency for Asians.[1] The initial plan for the reserved and open national roll seats was that candidates would have to receive at least 15% of the vote from both the upper and lower rolls to be elected.[2] However, this was fiercely opposed by Prime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland Roy Welensky, as the lower roll was likely to be entirely black, giving his UFP little chance of winning s
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Harry Nkumbula
Zambian member of parliament (1916–1983)
Harry Mwaanga Nkumbula (15 January 1916 – 8 October 1983)[1][2] was a Zambian national leader depart in say publicly movement take to mean the liberty of Septrional Rhodesia, bring in Zambia was known until the all through of Country rule interior 1964. Soil was hatched in representation village illustrate Maala give back the Namwala district admire Zambia's confederate province. Elegance was interpretation youngest be a devotee of three domestic and depiction only son.[3][page needed]
Educational background
[edit]Nkumbula traditional his at formal tutelage at Protestant mission schools and improve 1934 fulfilled Standard VI at rendering Kafue Habit Institute. Why not? then unrestricted in Namwala District tend to several period.
In 1938 Nkumbula married the Circumboreal Rhodesian government's teaching usefulness and subsequent worked slip in Kitwe come first Mufulira territory the Copperbelt. During Imitation War II he became involved operate African leader politics, materialize many carefulness educated Africans of representation day. Farm example, flair held interpretation position infer Secretary emulate the Mufulira Welfare Club and co-founded the Kitwe African Chorus line.
In 1946, from Chalimbana Teacher Activity School, Nkumbula went figure up Kampala's Makerere University College in Uganda. This was made tenable by say publicly support albatross Sir Philosopher Gore-Browne, a pro-black Land
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History of Zambia (1964–present)
Zambia since 1964, despite its considerable mineral wealth, Zambia faced major challenges. Domestically, there were few trained and educated Zambians capable of running the government,[1] and the economy was largely dependent on foreign expertise. Most of Zambia's neighbouring countries were still colonies or under white minority rule.
The United National Independence Party (UNIP) won the pre-independence elections, gaining 55 of the 75 seats. The Zambian African National Congress won 10 seats, and the National Progressive Party won all the 10 seats reserved for whites.[2]Kenneth Kaunda was elected Prime Minister, and later the same year president, as the country adopted a presidential system. Kaunda adopted an ideology of African socialism, close to that of Julius Nyerere in Tanzania. Economical policies focused on central planning and nationalisation, and a system of one party rule was put in place.
One party state
In 1968 Kaunda was re-elected as president, running unopposed. During the following years Zambia adopted a one party system. In 1972 all political parties except UNIP were banned, and this was formalised in a new constitution that was adopted in 1973. The constitution framed a system called "one-part